History Dayak Indonesia

Early History The existence of Dayak in Indonesia - Dayak tribe, is a phenomenal rate in the country of Indonesia, as famous for its magical powers, Dayak word comes from the word "Power" which means upstream, to mention the people who live in rural or inland Borneo general and West Kalimantan.

 Origins of Existence Dayak

 In the years (1977-1978) at the time, the Asian continent and the island of Borneo, which is part of the archipelago are still together, which allows the Mongoloid race of asia wander through the land and reached by traversing mountainous Borneo is now called the mountains "Muller-Schwaner". Borneo Dayak is the true population. However, after the Malays of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula came, they increasingly retreated into.

 Not to mention the arrival of the Bugis, Makassar, and Java in the heyday of the Majapahit Kingdom. Dayak tribes living

scattered across Kalimantan in long span of time, they should explore rivers spread to downstream and then inhabit the coast of the island of Borneo. This tribe is made up of several tribes, each of which has different properties and behavior.

 Dayak never build an empire. In Dayak oral tradition, often called "Nansarunai Usak Java", which is a Dayak Nansarunai kingdom destroyed by Majapahit, which is expected to occur between the years 1309-1389 (Measure Fridolin, 1971). The incident resulted in the Dayak tribe pressed and scattered, partly into the hinterland. The next big flow occurs when the influence of Islam are from the kingdom of Demak together influx Malay traders (circa 1608).

 Most of the Dayak tribe converted to Islam and no longer recognizes him as the Dayaks, but calls himself the Malays or the Banjar. While the Dayaks who reject Islam back down the river, into the interior in Central Kalimantan, living in regions Wood Tangi, Amuntai, Margasari, Watang Amandit, Labuan Lawas and Watang Balangan. Sebagain again kept pressed enter the jungle. Dayaks Muslims are mostly located in South Kalimantan and partly Kotawaringin, one of the famous Sultan of the Sultanate of Banjar is Mangkurat actually is a Dayak (Ma'anyan or Ot Danum)

 Not only of the archipelago, other nations also came to Borneo. Chinese people expected to start coming to Borneo in the Ming Dynasty 1368-1643 year. Of starch lettered manuscript mentioned that the city's first visit is Banjarmasin. But it remains unclear whether the Chinese people came to the era Bajarmasin (under the hegemony of Majapahit) or in the Islamic era.

 The arrival of the Chinese nation does not result in the displacement Dayaks and do not have a direct influence as directly as they only trade, especially with the kingdom of Banjar in Banjarmasin. They do not directly trade with the Dayaks. Remains of the Chinese nation is still kept by some Dayaks as malawen plate, pot (jars) and ceramics equipment.

Since the beginning of the fifth century Chinese nation has reached Borneo. In the fifteenth century King Yung Lo sent a large army to the south (including the archipelago) under the leadership of Chang Ho, and returned to China in 1407, having previously stopped to Java, Borneo, Malacca, Manila and Solok. In 1750, Sultan Mempawah accept the Chinese people (from Brunei) who were looking for gold. Chinese people are carrying too merchandise including opium, silk, glassware such as plates, cups, bowls and jars (Sarwoto kertodipoero, 1963)

Here are some of the customs of the Dayak who still maintained until now, and the supernatural world Dayak tribe in ancient times and today is still strong until now. This custom is one of the cultural property owned by the Indonesian people, because at the beginning of the Dayak comes from the interior of Borneo.

 * Ceremony Tiwah
Tiwah ceremony is a traditional event Dayak tribe. Tiwah a delivery ceremony held for the bones of the deceased to the brisket that has been made. Brisket is a sort of a small house that is made specifically for those who have died.

Tiwah ceremony for Dayak is sacred, in this Tiwah event before the bones of the dead are in between and put into place (stumbling), a lot of rituals, dances, the sound of gongs and other entertainment. Until the bones in place in its place (brisket).

 * Supernatural World
Supernatural world of the Dayak people had been since ancient times is the hallmark of Dayak culture. Because of this supernatural abroad there are also people call Dayak as man-eaters (cannibals). But in fact Dayak is very peace-loving tribe of origin they are not disturbed and suppressed arbitrarily. Borneo Dayak supernatural powers of many kinds, for example Manajah Antang. Manajah Antang a Dayak way to look for clues as to look for the presence of the enemy that is difficult to find the ancestors of birds media Antang, wherever the enemy in the search will be found.

Red bowl. Red is a medium bowl Dayak unity. Circulating red bowl if Dayaks feel their sovereignty in great danger. "Commander" or often called the Dayak tribe pangkalima usually issued cue standby or war in the form of a red bowl circulated from village to village quickly once. From the daily appearance many people do not know who the commander of the Dayak. Its mediocre, only he has the extraordinary supernatural powers. Believe it or not the commander could have knowledge of any immune fly like bullets, weapons and so on.

 Red bowl not haphazardly distributed. Before circulated the commander must create a custom event to know when the right time to start a war. In the event that the spirits of the ancestors customs will enter the body and if pangkalima pangkalima the Air "Tariu" (ancestral spirits to call for help and declared war), the Dayaks who hear it will also have powers as commander. Usually people who get sick or unstable souls crazy when they hear tariu.

People who already possessed by the spirits of the ancestors will be human and not. So usually blood, liver victims who were killed will be eaten. If not in an atmosphere of war never Dayaks eat humans. Head decapitated, skinned and stored for ceremonial purposes. Drinking blood and eating the liver, then the magical power will increase. The more enemies killed that person more powerful.

 Red bowl is made from bamboo terrace (some say made of clay) which is designed in a circular shape made immediately. To accompany this bowl is provided also other equipment such as potato red calamus (Acorus Calamus) which symbolizes courage (some say could be replaced with yellow rice), red chicken feathers to fly, light bamboo torch to torch (some say could be replaced with a piece of lighters), sago palm leaves (Metroxylon sagus) for shelter and rope knot of skin kepuak as a symbol of unity. Equipment was packed in bamboo bowl of it and wrapped with a red cloth.

According to the story hereditary red bowl first circulated when the war against Japan first. Then happen again when the expulsion of the Chinese from areas in 1967. Dayak Dayak expulsion of the Chinese people rather than inter-ethnic war, but more political burden. For the moment Indonesia is the confrontation with Malaysia.

 According to the Dayak beliefs, especially the hinterland of Borneo which passed from mouth to mouth, from grandmother to father, from father to son, until now that is not written lead to more or less than the truth, that the origin of the ancestors of the Dayak was derived from the seventh heaven to this earth with "Palangkaraya Bulau" (Palangkaraya is holy, clean, a shelf, as stretcher holy, holy yoke of gold derived from the sky, often also mentioned "rack or Kalangkang")