Borobudur is the name of a Buddhist temple located at Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java. The location of the temple is approximately 100 km southwest of Semarang and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. This temple was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around the year 800 AD during the early reign of the Sailendra dynasty. In ethnic Chinese, this temple is also called 婆罗 浮屠 (Pinyin: Luo pó fú TU)
Many theories attempt to explain the name of this temple. One of them states that the name is probably derived from the word Sambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the slopes are located terraces. In addition there are some other folk etymology. Suppose that the word comes from the greeting Borobudur "the Buddha" is due to a shift into borobudur sound. Another explanation is that the name is derived from two words "coal" and "beduhur". The word bara said to have originated from the word monastery, while there are also other explanations where the coal comes from Sanskrit which means temple or monastery and beduhur meaning is "high", or to remind the Balinese language means "above". So the point is a monastery or hostel located on high ground.
Borobudur-shaped punden, which consists of six levels of a square, three levels of a circular and a main stupa as a peak. Also scattered in all levels-the levels several stupas.
Borobudur illustrates clearly the ten-story school of Mahayana philosophy. like a book, Borobudur described ten levels of Bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha.
The foot of Borobudur represents Kamadhatu, the world is still dominated by kama or "low desire". This section is mostly covered by a pile of stone that allegedly made to strengthen the construction of the temple. At the closed part of this additional structure there are 120 panels Kammawibhangga story. A small portion was set aside additional structure so that people can still see the relief in this section.
Four floors with wall berelief on it by the experts called Rupadhatu. The floor is rectangular. Rupadhatu is the world that has been able to break free from lust but still bound manner and form. This level represents the nature ie, between the subconscious and the universe above. In part this Rupadhatu Buddha statues found in the recesses of the wall above ballustrade or breezeway.
Starting the fifth to the seventh floor walls are not berelief . This level is called Arupadhatu ( which means no tangible form or not ) . Circular floor plan . This level represents the nature of , where people are free from all desires and bond forms and shapes , but have not reached nirvana . The statues of Buddha placed in the stupa covered with holes as in captivity . From outside the statues were still vaguely visible .The highest level that describes the lack of form is represented in the form of the largest and highest stupa . Stupa described plain without the holes . In the largest stupa is a Buddha statue ever found imperfect or unfinished also called Buddha , who disalahsangkakan as Adibuddha statue , but through further research there never was a statue at the main stupa , which was not completed sculpture was a mistake pemahatnya in ancient times . according to the belief that one statue in the manufacturing process is not to be tampered with . Archaeological excavations conducted in the temple courtyard find many statues like this .
In the past, several Buddha statues along with 30 stones with reliefs, two stone lions, some kala-shaped stone, stairs and gates are sent to the King of Thailand, Chulalongkorn who visited the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in 1896 as a gift from the Dutch Government as that.
Borobudur has no worship spaces like other temples. That there are long hallways which is a narrow road. The hallways surrounding the walled temple level by level. In the halls of this is expected Buddhist ceremonies walk around the temple to the right. The shape of the building without room and terraced structure is alleged is the development of punden form, which is a form of original architecture from prehistoric Indonesia.
At every level carved reliefs on temple walls. These reliefs read clockwise or called mapradaksina in Old Javanese language derived from Sanskrit meaning is daksina east. These reliefs variety of story content, among other reliefs Jataka stories.
Reading of the stories are always the starting relief, and ends on the east side of the gate at every level, starting on the left and ends on the right side of the gate. So obviously that the east is the ladder up the real (main) and toward the top of the temple, it means that the temple facing east while the other sides of similar right.
In sequence, the story on meaningful temple reliefs briefly as follows:
In accordance with the symbolic meaning on the foot of the temple, reliefs which adorn the walls of the hidden shelf illustrates the law of karma. Rows of relief is not a story series (series), but in every frame illustrates a story that has a causal correlation. Relief is not just to give an idea of the human moral turpitude accompanied by penalties that will be obtained, but also human and reward good deeds. An overall depiction of human life in the circle of birth - life - death (samsara) that never ends, and by Buddhism chain is exactly what would be topped off to perfection.
History is a depiction of the Buddha in a row of reliefs (but not a complete history) that began from the Buddha's descent from Tushita heaven, and ends with the first sermon in the Deer Park near the city of Banaras. These reliefs lined the stairs on the south side, after a row exceeded the relief of 27 frames starting from the east side of the ladder. The 27 frame depicts the bustle, both in heaven and in the world, as a preparation to welcome the presence of the last incarnation of the Bodhisattva Buddha as a candidate. The reliefs depict the birth of the Buddha in this arcapada as Prince Siddhartha, son of King Suddhodana and Maya Empress of State Kapilavastu. The relief amounted to 120 frames, which ended with the first discourse, which is symbolically expressed as a Screening Wheel of Dharma, the teachings of the Buddha is called dharma which also means "law", whereas dharma is represented as a wheel.
Jataka stories of the Buddha was born as Prince Siddharta before . Protrusion of contents is the subject of good works , which distinguishes the Bodhisattvas of any other creature . Indeed , the collection service / good deeds are in the preparation stage to the level of effort toward Buddhahood .While Awadana , basically similar to the Jataka but the culprit is not the Bodhisattvas , but other people and stories collected in the book which means noble deeds Diwyawadana godlike , and the book Awadana Awadanasataka or a hundred stories . In the reliefs of Borobudur and awadana Jataka , treated equally , meaning that they occur in the same row without a distinguishable . The set of the most well-known of the life of the Bodhisattvas is Jatakamala or string of Jataka stories , Aryasura and poet who lived in the 4th century AD .Is a row of reliefs adorn the walls of the hall to - 2 , is a story that wanders Sudhana tirelessly in his quest for knowledge about the Truth Top by Sudhana . Description of the frame 460 based on Mahayana Buddhist scripture entitled Gandawyuha , and for the lid on the story of another Bhadracari . ( Article variety of sources )
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